what aspect of roman civilization allowed christianity to spread in north africa?

Legend has information technology that Romulus and Remus—twin brothers who were likewise demi-gods—founded Rome on the River Tiber in 753 B.C. Over the next 8 and a one-half centuries, it grew from a small town of pig farmers into a vast empire that stretched from England to Arab republic of egypt and completely surrounded the Mediterranean Sea.

The Roman Empire conquered these lands by attacking them with unmatched military strength, and information technology held onto them by letting them govern themselves.

Rome's desire to expand had deep historical roots, says Edward J. Watts, a professor of history at the University of California, San Diego, and writer of Mortal Commonwealth: How Rome Barbarous Into Tyranny.

"There'south a tradition going back to basically Roman prehistory, mythological history, where they talk about the expansion of the city under the kings," he says. "Marcius is i of the early Roman kings [from 642 to 617 B.C.], and he's said to actually have engaged in expansion and extended the city to incorporate other hills. And so the idea of them expanding is always deep in the historical Dna of the democracy, and even the monarchy before the commonwealth."

Rome Expands With Capture of Etruscan City

The taking of the Etruscan city of Veii by the Romans in 396 B.C. After a siege of many years they finally won victory later digging into the soft tuff rock below the walls while distracting the Veiians with attacks on the walls and infiltrating the city's drainage organization to emerge in the citadel.

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Nonetheless, Rome was however relatively minor by the time it transitioned from a kingdom to a democracy in 509 B.C. The democracy's first meaning expansion came in 396 B.C., when Rome defeated and captured the Etruscan metropolis of Veii. Instead of destroying Veii, the classicist Mary Bristles argues the Romans largely let the city continue operating as it had before, merely nether Roman control and with the understanding that Rome could conscript gratis men for the Roman army.

The conquest of Veii was "a big turning point for [the Romans] because they take over a territory that's one-half the size of the territory they already accept," Watts says. Over the next 2-and-a-half centuries, Rome spread throughout the Italian Peninsula by acquisition territories and either making them contained allies or extending Roman citizenship.

"The assimilation of Italy was actually an absorption; information technology wasn't supposed to be a colonial regime," he says. Later, in the showtime century B.C., it extended Roman citizenship to all costless people. Nonetheless, it never extended citizenship to the many enslaved people in Italy obtained through merchandise, piracy, wars and other means.

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Roman Conquests Achieve Overseas

The Roman victory at The Battle of Mylae, 260 B.C. during the Start Punic War. From Hutchinson'due south History of the Nations, published 1915.

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This strategy of absorption inverse as Rome conquered its beginning overseas territories. During the Punic Wars with Carthage between 264 B.C. to 146 B.C., Rome spread over multiple Mediterranean islands and onto the east coast of modern-24-hour interval Spain. Nonetheless instead of extending its republic into these territories or forming alliances, Rome designated these new territories as provinces and appointed Roman governors to oversee them.

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Taking this new territory wasn't something Rome had initially intended to practise. "The First Punic War is something that they kind of stumble into, just they're happy to take territory as a event of it," Watts says.

Afterwards Rome pushed Carthage out of Sicily in the first state of war, the Italian isle became Rome's first foreign province. During the Second Punic War, Rome found itself on the defense every bit the Carthagian general Hannibal and his elephants marched over the Alps and south into Italy. Again, Rome defeated Carthage and conquered some of its territory, this time in Spain.

Yet by the time it entered the Third Punic War, "Rome has definitely decided that information technology is just going to take territory," he says. "And that's very different from what they were doing even in the third century."

Acquisition Territory in Northward Africa

This time, Rome destroyed the capital city of Carthage in mod-day Tunisia and enslaved the city'south inhabitants. Information technology also conquered all of Carthage's territory in North Africa and made it a Roman province. Rome was now the major hegemonic power in the Mediterranean region. Over the adjacent century, it cemented its condition by conquering littoral territory in the mod-day countries of Hellenic republic, Turkey, Arab republic of egypt and others until it completely surrounded the Mediterranean Sea.

Afterward that, Rome used its impressively large army to extend outward in various bursts, sometimes only taking advantage of neighboring states and kingdoms as they barbarous. In the 60s B.C.E., Rome extended into the Middle Due east and captured Jerusalem. These eastern territories had old and complex political systems that Rome largely left in place.

Julius Caesar Pushes Rome's Reach Across Europe

The landing of Julius Caesar in Britain.

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The next decade, General Julius Caesar led Roman soldiers into northwest Europe, "basically because Caesar decided he wanted to practice it, and he had troops that were capable of doing it," Watts says. "It's the way Caesar kind of made his career." The Roman approach to these western territories was slightly dissimilar, because they didn't have sometime, circuitous political systems. When Rome took over, information technology introduced some Roman systems, while still trying to keep power in the hands of local leaders to ensure a smooth transition.

In addition to pushing Rome's attain across Europe, Caesar also heralded the finish of the republic and the start of the Roman Empire. After unconstitutionally declaring himself dictator for life, senators murdered him in 44 B.C. The republic fell for skillful when his great-nephew, Augustus Caesar, declared himself emperor in 27 B.C. Now, the sprawling state of Rome was officially the Roman Empire.

The Roman Empire's Peak, So Collapse

A map of the Roman Empire.

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The empire reached its height in 117 A.C. when it fortified its borders and reached all the way into England. Only later that, it stopped expanding, considering leaders didn't think information technology was worth the time and energy. The bare-bones imperial structure that let provinces govern themselves made the whole thing manageable until 212, when the Roman Empire extended citizenship to all free people (free women were yet citizens fifty-fifty though they had fewer rights than men).

Only the extension of imperial bureaucracy made the empire much harder to manage; and this was i of the reasons that the empire began to divide itself. The year 395 was the concluding fourth dimension that the whole empire was united under 1 emperor. Subsequently that, the western half split off and complanate within a century. In the east, the Roman Empire—also known every bit the Byzantine Empire—continued on for over a millennium.

READ MORE: 8 Reasons Why Rome Fell

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